Regulatory HotlineNovember 26, 2014 Private and Foreign Investment in Railways on Track
INTRODUCTIONThe Indian Railways is one of the largest railway networks of the world. The railway sector is largely cash starved and has seen a surplus only to the extent of INR 3783 crores in the financial year 2013-14.1 It seems that the cash strapped Indian railways can finally heave a sigh of relief. The Government has decided to open the heavily guarded gates of the Indian railways sector to private and foreign participation. This will definitely give the much needed impetus to the struggling sector which has awaited private capital for several decades. Since the 1980s, several projects, both in the central level and the state level await funds to see the light of the day. In November, 2012, the Cabinet Committee on Infrastructure approved a proposal from the Ministry of Railways (“MoR”) for a policy framework for private participation in rail connectivity and capacity augmentation projects (the “Participative Policy”). The Participative Policy is available here. This policy was an attempt to attract private investment in rail infrastructure and lays down 5 models for investment:
While there is significant involvement by the IR in the JV model, the NGR model is one which requires nil (or minimal) involvement by the government. The NGR model seeks to develop rail connectivity solely on private participation. It is to be used for connectivity projects to ports, mines, logistic parks etc. Under the BOT model, the investor is selected through a bidding process and awarded the contract while land would be acquired by the IR at its own cost. With the Participative Policy in place, the Government had on August 22, 2014 permitted private investment in railways up to 100% in certain specified sectors including: suburban corridor projects through Public Private Partnership (“PPP”), high speed train projects, mass rapid transport systems etc. Consequently the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (“DIPP”) by way of a notification dated August 27, 2014 had amended the FDI policy to permit FDI in railways up to 100%. Please refer to our hotline ‘Emerging India: Railways and Defence open to foreign investment’ for further details. However, the notification was subject to the sectoral guidelines issued by the MoR. GUIDELINES FOR INVESTMENTThe MoR has in November 2014 issued the sectoral guidelines for domestic / foreign direct investment in railways These guidelines also set out conditions and approvals for private participation in the railway sector. When the MoR wishes to involve a private player in setting up a railway project, it conducts a bidding process to select the private player to whom the project must be awarded. Usually the bidding process involves two stages, the bid stage when the MoR issues a Request for Qualification (“RFQ”) based on which the applications are made and the Request for Proposal (“RFP”) stage based on which the shortlisted applicants make their proposals. Both the RFQ and the RFP are informative documents.2 The bidding process is not required to be followed for projects pertaining to building rail connectivity through NGR, JV and customer funding models of the Participative Policy. The guidelines also propose that the Railway Board will grant ‘in-principle approval’ for all projects of rail connectivity under the NGR and JV models. The project developer / JV will submit the Project Feasibility Report along with Bankability Report based on which the final approval will be given. The guidelines lay down the following approvals that would be required for private / foreign direct investment on a case to case basis:
The guidelines specifically state that it does not override other laws / regulations / rules issued by the governmental departments unless expressly mentioned. PERMITTED PROJECTS / ACTIVITIESUnlike the earlier notification which only listed out the areas in which investment will be permitted, the present notification clarifies the activity in each such area in which investment will be allowed. Private / foreign Investment is permitted up to 100% in suburban corridor projects, high speed train projects, dedicated freight lines, rolling stock including train sets and locomotives or coach manufacturing and maintenance facilities, railway electrification, signaling system, freight terminals / logistics parks, passenger terminals, railway technical training institutes, testing and facilities laboratories, concessioning of standalone passenger corridors (branch lines, hill railways etc.), non- conventional sources of energy, technological solutions for level crossings, mechanized laundry, rolling stock procurement and bio-toilets. The guidelines issued by the MoR also specify the model/route for investment in each of these activities, i.e. whether PPP/JV/NGR/BOT/Annuity, and various other conditions that need to be satisfied. For instance, suburban corridor projects will be under the PPP route only, high speed train projects appear to be under the NGR model as well as the PPP model, dedicated freight lines will be under the NGR model, etc. For full details please refer to the notification issued by the MoR available here. The guidelines have also identified specific projects for domestic / foreign direct investment worth about INR 90,000 crores. However these projects will be implemented only if they are found to be financially viable and bankable as per the VGF policy of the Ministry of Finance. Most of these projects are to be developed on a BOT/ Annuity model or under cooperation between governments. CONCLUSIONThe present guidelines are largely based on the Participative Policy issued by the MoR. They aim to streamline the approvals required separately for each model under the Participative Policy. Definitely a welcome change, these guidelines will harbinger the participation of private and foreign players in the railways sector in India and go a long way to improve the infrastructure and connectivity in the sector which connects millions in the country. – Aishwarya H, Sangeeta Rana & Dr. Milind Antani You can direct your queries or comments to the authors 1 http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/ 2014-15_Final/English%20-%20Railway%20Budget%20Speech%202014-15.pdf 2 http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/mech_engg_pu /downloads/RFQ_DLMW_Marhowra_Document_060513.pdf 3 http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/secretary_branches DisclaimerThe contents of this hotline should not be construed as legal opinion. View detailed disclaimer. |
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